M4-HEALTH Ecosystem

Hybrid Digital Twins for Preventive Healthcare

The M4-HEALTH ecosystem brings together researchers, technology experts, companies, healthcare professionals and other organisations to develop a new model of preventive and personalised healthcare. At its centre is a hybrid digital twin of the human body, combining physiological models, AI, machine learning, large language models, wearable sensors and health data.

The ecosystem is organised into four interconnected layers, spanning biomedical research, data and technology, behavioural science, health economics, and real-world applications.

Biomedical models of the human body

In the bottom green layer, we have experts on all main organs in the human body. They can use our new way of integrating their knowledge and data about these various aspects of the human body and mind into sub-models, which are then integrated into the overall digital twin.

AI, wearable sensors, health data and digital twin technology

In the second blue and gray layer, we have experts on data handling, new wearable sensors, and hybrid modelling. We create a pre-competitive technological platform which allows an individual to store a copy of all of their data, from all available sources, into their personal Data Vault. This data can be used to update the twin, which is constructed using a hybrid technology combining M4-modelling, machine learning (ML), and large language models (LLMs). General data, stored in databases all over the world, are harmonized and structured to allow for distributed, federated learning.

In the third yellow layer, experts in ethics, behavioural science and health economics examine how digital twin technology affects individuals and society. They use qualitative and quantitative methods to understand the broader behavioural, ethical and economic implications of personalised and preventive healthcare.

Behavioural science, ethics and health economics

Real-World Applications Across the Health Ecosystem

In the top red layer, the ecosystem connects end-users, companies and organisations across the health journey, from schools and food industry to healthcare, eldercare and forensic applications. Different eHealth applications can use the same underlying digital twin, creating a connected ecosystem that supports an individual's health journey across different activities and throughout life.